Experiencias adversas infanto-juveniles, ansiedad y depresión en personas adultas cuidadoras de menores que han vivido eventos potencialmente traumáticos
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Publicado
2025-12-30
Yamilette Conde-Serrano
Genesis Morales-Dechoudens
Ivelisse Pedreira-Garcia
Eduardo Cumba-Avilez
Emily Saez-Santiago
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1556-8615
Resumo
Las experiencias adversas infanto-juveniles (ACEs, por sus siglas en inglés) son eventos potencialmente traumáticos ocurridos antes de los 18 años que aumentan el riesgo de trastornos de salud mental, como ansiedad y depression, y pueden afectar las habilidades parentales. Examinamos la relación entre ACEs y síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en 140 personas cuidadoras de menores en Puerto Rico (90% mujeres; M = 41.84 años). Utilizamos el Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, el Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 y el Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Las personas reportaron, en promedio, tres ACEs; los más comunes fueron la separación parental (49.28%), no sentirse amado(a) (37.41%) y maltrato verbal (36.69%). Un 33.81% experimentó cuatro o más ACEs. Encontramos correlaciones significativas (r) (p < .001) entre el total de ACEs y las puntuaciones de ansiedad (.347) y depresión (.327). Quienes reportaron ≥ 4 ACEs presentaron niveles mayores de ansiedad (F = 10.44, p = .002) y depresión (F = 3.95, p = .049) que quienes reportaron menos ACEs, aun al ajustar por el número de eventos estresantes. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar las ACEs y ofrecer intervenciones para promover el bienestar psico-emocional y fortalecer las capacidades parentales en personas cuidadoras hispanas de personas menores afectadas por trauma.
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Keywords
References
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4
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https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016401
Bethell, C., Jones, J., Gombojav, N., Linkenbach, J., & Sege, R. (2019). Positive childhood experiences and adult mental and relational health in a statewide sample: Associations across adverse childhood experiences levels. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(11), e193007.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3007
Briere, J., Kaltman, S., & Green, B. L. (2008). Accumulated childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 223–226.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20317
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2024.103127
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01653-6
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https://doi.org/10.37226/rcp.v7i1.7217
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adversidad-durante-la-infancia-sobre-el-desarrollo-de-los-ninos/
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.594698
Elmore, A. L., & Crouch, E. (2020). The association of adverse childhood expe-riences with anxiety and depression for children and youth, 8 to 17 years of age. Academic Pediatrics, 20(5), 600–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.02.012
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
Finkelhor, D., Shattuck, A., Turner, H., & Hamby, S. (2013). Improving the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study scale. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.420
Francia-Martínez, M., de Torres, I. R., Alvarado, C. S., Martínez-Taboas, A., & Sayers, S. (2003). Dissociation, depression and trauma in psychiatric inpatients in Puerto Rico. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 4(4), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1300/J229v04n04_04
Gonçalves, P. D., Duarte, C. S., Corbeil, T., Ramos-Olazagasti, M. A., Sussman, T., Talati, A., Alegria, M., Canino, G., Bird, H., & Martins, S. S. (2023). Adverse childhood experiences and risk patterns of alcohol and cannabis co-use: A longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(3), 421–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.010
González-Acosta, C. A., Rojas-Cerón, C. A., & Buriticá, E. (2021). Functional alterations and cerebral variations in humans exposed to early life stress. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 536188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.536188
Govender, T., Vidal-Ribas, P., Yu, J., Haynie, D. L., Augustin, D., & Gilman, S. E. (2025). Adverse childhood experiences and risk of suicide and substance-related mortality through middle adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 369, 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.085
Griffith, J. M., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2024). Parental symptoms of anhedonia, parenting, and youth outcomes: A multi-method, multi-informant investigation. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 52(3), 413–427.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01130-4
Gu, W., Zhao, Q., Yuan, C., Yi, Z., Zhao, M., & Wang, Z. (2022). Impact of adverse childhood experiences on the symptom severity of different mental disorders: A cross-diagnostic study. General Psy-chiatry, 35(2), e100741.
https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2021-100741
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Lee, H., Slack, K. S., Berger, L. M., Mather, R. S., & Murray, R. K. (2021). Childhood poverty, adverse childhood experiences, and adult health outcomes. Health & Social Work, 46(3), 159–170.
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Como Citar
Experiencias adversas infanto-juveniles, ansiedad y depresión en personas adultas cuidadoras de menores que han vivido eventos potencialmente traumáticos. (2025). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 36(2), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3602.06
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Artículo de investigación
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Como Citar
Experiencias adversas infanto-juveniles, ansiedad y depresión en personas adultas cuidadoras de menores que han vivido eventos potencialmente traumáticos. (2025). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 36(2), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3602.06