Agitating to sanity: Principles and practices in becoming anti-racist
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Published
2024-12-31
María I. Reinat Pumarejo
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9505-045X
Abstract
In this article, I present a historical perspective of the injury racism has caused throughout generations and the psychological and ontological impact people of color have endured. I emphasize how racism has attempted against people of color’s sense of belonging and how the race-based society created has benefited from the fracture of human relations. I also focus on the degradation of their spiritual healing practices. I reflect upon healing practices implemented by Colectivo Ilé. Practices such as ancestral reverence, intergenerational work, ritualization, the intentional expansion of familiar circles, and the pursuit of happiness have been essential in our collective development and mental and spiritual restoration.
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Keywords
Racism, Anti-racism, Multigenerational traumas, Healing, Ancestor reverence
References
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Andrews, K. (2021). The New Age of empire: How racism and colonialism still rules the world. Bold Type Books.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An Afrikan-Centered critique of European cultural thought and behavior. Afrikan World Books.
Ani, M. (1980). Let the circle be unbroken. Nkonimfo Publications.
Blackhawk, N. (2023). The rediscovery of America: Native people and the unmaking of U.S. history. Yale University Press.
Cabrera, L. (1986). Anagó: Vocabulario Lucumí (El yoruba que se habla en Cuba). Ediciones Universal.
Campana, M. (2015). Imperio, tortura y esclavitud para la unificación del mundo en las bulas papales (1155-1537). Guaraguao, 19(49), 123-177.
Carey, N. (2012). The epigenetics revolution: How modern biology is rewriting our understanding of genetics, disease, and inheritance. Columbia University Press.
De Castro E Almeida,V. (1936). Conquest & discoveries of Henry the Navigator: Being the cronicles of Azurara. Routledge Revivals.
DeGruy, J. (2005). Post traumatic slave syndrome: America’s legacy of enduring injury and healing. Uptone Press.
Di Bella, G. (2023). Indígenas de Brasil luchan por sus tierras en medio de posibles cambios legales. Dialogue Earth.
Dussel, E. (2007). Política de la liberación: Historia mundial y crítica. Editorial Trotta.
El Español. (2019, 20 de febrero). “Pinche india”, “solo dice sí, señora”: racismo contra Yalitza Aparicio, de ‘Roma’ antes de los Oscar. El Español. https://www.elespanol.com/series/cine/20190220/pinche-senora-racismo-yalitza-aparicio-roma-oscar/377712499_0.html
Galeano, E. (1971). Las venas abiertas de América Latina. Siglo XXI Editores.
Godreau, I., Franco-Ortiz, M., Lloréns, H., Reinat Pumarejo, M., Canabal-Torres, I., & Gaspar-Concepción, J. (2013). Arrancando mitos de raíz: Guía para una enseñanza antirracista de la herencia africana en Puerto Rico (2da ed.). Editora Educación Emergente.
Gossett, T.F. (1997). Race: The history of an idea in America. Oxford University Press.
Haller, J. S. (1995). Outcast from evolution: Scientific attitudes of racial inferiority, 1859-1900. Southern Illinois University Press.
Hoffman, K., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between Blacks and Whites. PNAS, 113(16), 4296-4301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113
Joe, R., & Lozano, T. (2003). Imagining identity in New Spain: Race, lineage, and the colonial body in portraiture and casta paintings. University of Texas Press.
Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the beginning: The definitive history of racist ideas in America. Nation Book.
Lane-Poole, S. (1990). The story of the Moors in Spain. Black Classic Press.
Lavoie, S. (2021, 29 de septiembre). Trauma can be passed down through generations. UCalgary News. https://ucalgary.ca/news/trauma-can-be-passed-down-through-generations
Linklater, R. (2014). Decolonizing trauma work. Fernwood Publishing.
Linné, C. von & Salvius, L. (1758). Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (Vol. 1). Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii.
Marimba, A. (1992). Let the circle be unbroken: The implications of African spirituality in the diaspora. Nkonimfo Publications.
Menaken, R. (2017). My grandmothers’s hands. Racialized trauma and the pathway to mending our hearts and bodies. Central Recovery Press.
Molina, N., Martínez HoSang, D., & Gutiérrez, R. A. (Eds.). (2019). Relational formation of race: Theory, method and practice. University of California Press.
Mullan, J. (2023). Decolonizing therapy: Oppression, historical trauma and politicizing your practice. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
Oficina de Prensa de la Santa Sede. (2023). Nota conjunta sobre la “doctrina del descubrimiento” del discaterio para la cultura y la educación y el discaterio para el servicio del desarrollo humano integral. https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino.html
Páramo, O., & Núñez, M. (2019). La conquista provocó la muerte de casi el 90% de los indígenas. UNAM Global Revista.
Quijano, A. (1992). Colonialidad y modernidad/racionalidad. Perú Indíg., 13(29), 11-20.
Saint Paul Community Baptist Church. (s. f.). Rev. Dr. David K. Brawley. https://www.spcbc.com/our-pastor
Sued Badillo, J. & López Cantos, A. (2007). Puerto Rico Negro. Editorial Cultural.
Temple, C. N. (2010). The emergence of Sankofa practice in the United States: A modern History. Journal of Black Studies, 41(1), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934709332464
Washington, H. A. (2008). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Anchor Books.
Wilson, S. (2008). Research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Fernwood Publishing.
Andrews, K. (2021). The New Age of empire: How racism and colonialism still rules the world. Bold Type Books.
Ani, M. (1994). Yurugu: An Afrikan-Centered critique of European cultural thought and behavior. Afrikan World Books.
Ani, M. (1980). Let the circle be unbroken. Nkonimfo Publications.
Blackhawk, N. (2023). The rediscovery of America: Native people and the unmaking of U.S. history. Yale University Press.
Cabrera, L. (1986). Anagó: Vocabulario Lucumí (El yoruba que se habla en Cuba). Ediciones Universal.
Campana, M. (2015). Imperio, tortura y esclavitud para la unificación del mundo en las bulas papales (1155-1537). Guaraguao, 19(49), 123-177.
Carey, N. (2012). The epigenetics revolution: How modern biology is rewriting our understanding of genetics, disease, and inheritance. Columbia University Press.
De Castro E Almeida,V. (1936). Conquest & discoveries of Henry the Navigator: Being the cronicles of Azurara. Routledge Revivals.
DeGruy, J. (2005). Post traumatic slave syndrome: America’s legacy of enduring injury and healing. Uptone Press.
Di Bella, G. (2023). Indígenas de Brasil luchan por sus tierras en medio de posibles cambios legales. Dialogue Earth.
Dussel, E. (2007). Política de la liberación: Historia mundial y crítica. Editorial Trotta.
El Español. (2019, 20 de febrero). “Pinche india”, “solo dice sí, señora”: racismo contra Yalitza Aparicio, de ‘Roma’ antes de los Oscar. El Español. https://www.elespanol.com/series/cine/20190220/pinche-senora-racismo-yalitza-aparicio-roma-oscar/377712499_0.html
Galeano, E. (1971). Las venas abiertas de América Latina. Siglo XXI Editores.
Godreau, I., Franco-Ortiz, M., Lloréns, H., Reinat Pumarejo, M., Canabal-Torres, I., & Gaspar-Concepción, J. (2013). Arrancando mitos de raíz: Guía para una enseñanza antirracista de la herencia africana en Puerto Rico (2da ed.). Editora Educación Emergente.
Gossett, T.F. (1997). Race: The history of an idea in America. Oxford University Press.
Haller, J. S. (1995). Outcast from evolution: Scientific attitudes of racial inferiority, 1859-1900. Southern Illinois University Press.
Hoffman, K., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between Blacks and Whites. PNAS, 113(16), 4296-4301. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516047113
Joe, R., & Lozano, T. (2003). Imagining identity in New Spain: Race, lineage, and the colonial body in portraiture and casta paintings. University of Texas Press.
Kendi, I. X. (2016). Stamped from the beginning: The definitive history of racist ideas in America. Nation Book.
Lane-Poole, S. (1990). The story of the Moors in Spain. Black Classic Press.
Lavoie, S. (2021, 29 de septiembre). Trauma can be passed down through generations. UCalgary News. https://ucalgary.ca/news/trauma-can-be-passed-down-through-generations
Linklater, R. (2014). Decolonizing trauma work. Fernwood Publishing.
Linné, C. von & Salvius, L. (1758). Caroli Linnaei...Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (Vol. 1). Impensis Direct, Laurentii Salvii.
Marimba, A. (1992). Let the circle be unbroken: The implications of African spirituality in the diaspora. Nkonimfo Publications.
Menaken, R. (2017). My grandmothers’s hands. Racialized trauma and the pathway to mending our hearts and bodies. Central Recovery Press.
Molina, N., Martínez HoSang, D., & Gutiérrez, R. A. (Eds.). (2019). Relational formation of race: Theory, method and practice. University of California Press.
Mullan, J. (2023). Decolonizing therapy: Oppression, historical trauma and politicizing your practice. W.W. Norton & Company Inc.
Oficina de Prensa de la Santa Sede. (2023). Nota conjunta sobre la “doctrina del descubrimiento” del discaterio para la cultura y la educación y el discaterio para el servicio del desarrollo humano integral. https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino.html
Páramo, O., & Núñez, M. (2019). La conquista provocó la muerte de casi el 90% de los indígenas. UNAM Global Revista.
Quijano, A. (1992). Colonialidad y modernidad/racionalidad. Perú Indíg., 13(29), 11-20.
Saint Paul Community Baptist Church. (s. f.). Rev. Dr. David K. Brawley. https://www.spcbc.com/our-pastor
Sued Badillo, J. & López Cantos, A. (2007). Puerto Rico Negro. Editorial Cultural.
Temple, C. N. (2010). The emergence of Sankofa practice in the United States: A modern History. Journal of Black Studies, 41(1), 127-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934709332464
Washington, H. A. (2008). Medical apartheid: The dark history of medical experimentation on Black Americans from colonial times to the present. Anchor Books.
Wilson, S. (2008). Research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Fernwood Publishing.
How to Cite
Agitating to sanity: Principles and practices in becoming anti-racist. (2024). Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3502.03
Section
Artículo de investigación
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How to Cite
Agitating to sanity: Principles and practices in becoming anti-racist. (2024). Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3502.03