Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire – 3 modified for the use of social media: Translation and psychometric properties in a Puerto Rican sample
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Published
2023-09-20
Glorymar Rosario-Vicente
Lymaries Padilla-Cotto
José Rodríguez-Gómez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-1181
Abstract
In this study, we carried out the translation, adaption, and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3-Modified (SATAQ-3-M). The SATAQ-3-M is a self-report questionnaire with 18 items that measure the impact of social media on the internalization of beauty and body satisfaction. The SATAQ-3-M was translated using the reverse translation method. We included a group of nine judges to adapt the SATAQ-3-M to Puerto Rican cultural and linguistic characteristics; as a result, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3-Modified-Spanish (SATAQ-3-M-Spanish) was obtained. The validation of the SATAQ-3-M-Spanish was carried out with a sample of 185 Puerto Rican participants between the ages of 21 to 60 years through Survey Monkey platform. We conducted a biserial discrimination analysis, exploratory factor analysis with oblimin (oblique) rotation, and Cronbach's alpha. The SATAQ-3-M-Spanish questionnaire ended as a 17 items questionnaire with excellent internal consistency (α = .96) and two factors that explain 62.67% of the variance. The SATAQ-3-M-Spanish allows Puerto Rican health professionals and researchers to have a questionnaire in Spanish and adapted to the Puerto Rican population to measure the internalization of the ideals of beauty and body satisfaction through social media.
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Keywords
Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire, Social media, Psychometric properties, Body satisfaction, Body image
References
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Bell, K. (2016). Social media and female body image [BSU Honor Program Thesis, Bridgewater State University]. Virtual Commons-Bridgewater State University. https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1137&context=honors_proj
Castillo-Muñoz, J. (2014). Metáforas del cuerpo en jóvenes puertorriqueños/as. Revista Psicología, 33(2), 159-179.
Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Higgins, M. K. (2019). Camera-ready: Young women’s appearance-related social media consciousness. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000196
Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O
Cruz, S., & Maganto, C. (2003). El test de las siluetas: Un estudio exploratorio de la distorsión e insatisfacción corporal con la imagen corporal en adolescentes. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 8(1), 79-99.
Ebel, R., & Frisbie, D. (1991). Evaluating test and item characteristics. In R. L. Ebel & D. A. Frisbie (Eds.), Essentials of educational meassurement (5th ed., p. 232). Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015) Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young womens body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
Field, A. (2013). Exploratory factor analysis. In M. Carmichael (Ed.), Discovering statis-tics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed, pp. 778-834). Sage Publications.
Fleps, B. (2021). Social media effects on body image and eating disorders. News: Illinois State University.
https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2021/04/social-media-effects-on-body- image-and-eating-disorders/
Harkness, J., & Schoua-Glusberg, A. (1998). Questionnaires in translation. In J. Harkness (Ed.), Cross-cultural Survey Equivalence (pp. 87-126). Zuma-Nachrichten Spezial. https://nbnresolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-49733-1
Holland, G., & Tiggermann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Bermejo, B. G., & Cruz, M. (2011). Cuestionario de imagen corporal para la detección temprana de trastornos de la conducta alimnetaria. Acción Psicológica, 8(1), 7-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.8.1.193
Jiotsa, B., Naccache, B., Duval, M., Rocher, B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Social media use and body image disorders: Assocation between frequency of coparing one’s own physical appearance to that of people being followed on social media and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2880.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880
Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516-523.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22254
Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Wilson, C., & Gleaves, D. H. (2017). The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01351
Murawski, B., Elizathe, L., Custodio, J., & Rutsztein, G. (2015). Argentine validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios, 6, 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmta.2015.09.001
National Eating Disorders Association. (s.f.) Body image & eating disorders. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/body-image-eating-disorders
National Eating Disorders Association. (2012). How does social media affect your body image?
https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/how-does-social-media-affect-your-body-image
Pedreira, J.C. (2021). Conoce cómo se comportan los boricuas digitalmente. Popular Blog.
www.blog.popular.como/conoce-com-se-comportan-los-boricuas-digitalmente/9280
Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
Santarossa, S., & Woodruff, S. (2017). #SocialMedia: Exploring the relationship of social networking sites on body image, self-esteem, and eating disorders. Social Media+Society, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117704407
Thai, H., Davis, C. D., Mahboob, W., Perry, S., Adams, A., & Godfield, G. S. (2023). Reducing social media use improves appearance and weight esteem in youth with emotional distress. Psychology of Popular Media, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000460
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Sociocultural theory: The media and society. En J. K. Thompson, L. J. Heinberg, M. Altabe & S. Tantleff-Dunn (Eds.), Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance, (pp. 85- 124). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10312-003
Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, A. S., & Heinberg, L. J. (2004). The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale-3 (SATAQ-3): Development and validation. Interna-tional Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 293-304.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10257
Thompson, M. A., & Gray, J. J. (1995). Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(2), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6402_6
Toro-Alfonso, J., Walters-Pacheco, K. Z., & Sánchez-Cardona, I. (2012). El cuerpo en forma: Masculinidad, imagen corporal y trastornos alimentarios de atletas varones universitarios. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 2(3), 842-857.
Wallis, J. (2015). The effects of social media on the body satisfaction of adolescent and Young adult females [Master’s Thesis, Kansas State University]. K-Rex Kansas State Univesity. https://krex.k-state.edu/handle/2097/18945
Warren, C. S., Gleaves, D. H., & Rakhkovskaya, L. M. (2013). Score reliability and factor similarity of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) among four ethnic groups. Journal of Eating Disorders, 14, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-14
Bell, K. (2016). Social media and female body image [BSU Honor Program Thesis, Bridgewater State University]. Virtual Commons-Bridgewater State University. https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1137&context=honors_proj
Castillo-Muñoz, J. (2014). Metáforas del cuerpo en jóvenes puertorriqueños/as. Revista Psicología, 33(2), 159-179.
Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Higgins, M. K. (2019). Camera-ready: Young women’s appearance-related social media consciousness. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000196
Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O
Cruz, S., & Maganto, C. (2003). El test de las siluetas: Un estudio exploratorio de la distorsión e insatisfacción corporal con la imagen corporal en adolescentes. Revista de Investigación en Psicología, 8(1), 79-99.
Ebel, R., & Frisbie, D. (1991). Evaluating test and item characteristics. In R. L. Ebel & D. A. Frisbie (Eds.), Essentials of educational meassurement (5th ed., p. 232). Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015) Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young womens body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
Field, A. (2013). Exploratory factor analysis. In M. Carmichael (Ed.), Discovering statis-tics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed, pp. 778-834). Sage Publications.
Fleps, B. (2021). Social media effects on body image and eating disorders. News: Illinois State University.
https://news.illinoisstate.edu/2021/04/social-media-effects-on-body- image-and-eating-disorders/
Harkness, J., & Schoua-Glusberg, A. (1998). Questionnaires in translation. In J. Harkness (Ed.), Cross-cultural Survey Equivalence (pp. 87-126). Zuma-Nachrichten Spezial. https://nbnresolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-49733-1
Holland, G., & Tiggermann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008
Jenaro, C., Flores, N., Bermejo, B. G., & Cruz, M. (2011). Cuestionario de imagen corporal para la detección temprana de trastornos de la conducta alimnetaria. Acción Psicológica, 8(1), 7-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.8.1.193
Jiotsa, B., Naccache, B., Duval, M., Rocher, B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Social media use and body image disorders: Assocation between frequency of coparing one’s own physical appearance to that of people being followed on social media and body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2880.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880
Mabe, A. G., Forney, K. J., & Keel, P. K. (2014). Do you “like” my photo? Facebook use maintains eating disorder risk. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(5), 516-523.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22254
Mingoia, J., Hutchinson, A. D., Wilson, C., & Gleaves, D. H. (2017). The relationship between social networking site use and the internalization of a thin ideal in females: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01351
Murawski, B., Elizathe, L., Custodio, J., & Rutsztein, G. (2015). Argentine validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3. Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios, 6, 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmta.2015.09.001
National Eating Disorders Association. (s.f.) Body image & eating disorders. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/body-image-eating-disorders
National Eating Disorders Association. (2012). How does social media affect your body image?
https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/blog/how-does-social-media-affect-your-body-image
Pedreira, J.C. (2021). Conoce cómo se comportan los boricuas digitalmente. Popular Blog.
www.blog.popular.como/conoce-com-se-comportan-los-boricuas-digitalmente/9280
Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
Santarossa, S., & Woodruff, S. (2017). #SocialMedia: Exploring the relationship of social networking sites on body image, self-esteem, and eating disorders. Social Media+Society, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117704407
Thai, H., Davis, C. D., Mahboob, W., Perry, S., Adams, A., & Godfield, G. S. (2023). Reducing social media use improves appearance and weight esteem in youth with emotional distress. Psychology of Popular Media, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000460
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Sociocultural theory: The media and society. En J. K. Thompson, L. J. Heinberg, M. Altabe & S. Tantleff-Dunn (Eds.), Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance, (pp. 85- 124). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10312-003
Thompson, J. K., van den Berg, P., Roehrig, M., Guarda, A. S., & Heinberg, L. J. (2004). The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance scale-3 (SATAQ-3): Development and validation. Interna-tional Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 293-304.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.10257
Thompson, M. A., & Gray, J. J. (1995). Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(2), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6402_6
Toro-Alfonso, J., Walters-Pacheco, K. Z., & Sánchez-Cardona, I. (2012). El cuerpo en forma: Masculinidad, imagen corporal y trastornos alimentarios de atletas varones universitarios. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 2(3), 842-857.
Wallis, J. (2015). The effects of social media on the body satisfaction of adolescent and Young adult females [Master’s Thesis, Kansas State University]. K-Rex Kansas State Univesity. https://krex.k-state.edu/handle/2097/18945
Warren, C. S., Gleaves, D. H., & Rakhkovskaya, L. M. (2013). Score reliability and factor similarity of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) among four ethnic groups. Journal of Eating Disorders, 14, 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-14
How to Cite
Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire – 3 modified for the use of social media: Translation and psychometric properties in a Puerto Rican sample. (2023). Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology, 34(2), 224-233. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3402.07
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Artículo de investigación
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How to Cite
Spanish version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire – 3 modified for the use of social media: Translation and psychometric properties in a Puerto Rican sample. (2023). Puerto Rican Journal of Psychology, 34(2), 224-233. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3402.07