Caribbean Homeless Women Veterans: Military and psychosocial characteristics and the association of VA service-connected disabilities
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Publicado
2020-11-02
Resumen
This research assesses sociodemographic, psychosocial and military characteristics and their role in service connected disabilities to provide a profile of Caribbean Homeless Women Veteran of the U.S. military. We evaluated 46 healthcare records of women Veterans who requested services at the Homeless Program of the VA Caribbean Healthcare System from 2005 to 2014. Statistical analyses consisted of Chi square, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests, and Logistic Regression. Extreme poverty, unemployment, unaffordable housing, psychological disorders and low social support were the most prevalent characteristics. Women with psychological disorders had eight times higher the odds of having a service connected disability than women without psychological conditions. Implications of study results are discussed for VACHS and future research with this population.
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Keywords
References
Benda, B. B. (2005). Gender Differences in Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts Among Homeless Veterans that Abuse Substances. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35, 1, 106-116.
Blackstock, O. J., Haskell, S. G., Brandt, C. A., & Desai, R. A. (2012). Gender and the use of Veterans Health Administration homeless services programs among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Medical Care, 50, 4, 347-52.
Boyd, M. A., Bradshaw, W., & Robinson, M. (2013). Mental health issues of women deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 27, 1, 10-22.
Chen, J. H., Rosenheck, R. A, Kasprow, W. J., & Greenberg, G. (2007). Receipt of disability through an outreach program for homeless Veterans. Military Medicine, 172(5), 461–465.
Edens, E. L., Kasprow, W., Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2011). Association of substance use and VA service-connected disability benefits with risk of homelessness among veterans. The American Journal on Addictions, 20, 5.
Etikan, I. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5, 1, 1-4.
Ferdinando, L. (2018, May, 1). DOD Releases Annual Report on Sexual Assault in Military. Retrieved from URL: https://dod.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1508127/dod-releases-annual-report-on-sexual-assault-in-military/
Gamache, G., Rosenheck, R., & Tessler, R. (2003). Overrepresentation of women Veterans among homeless women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 7, 1132-6.
Goodman, P., Turner, A., Agazio, J., Throop, M., Padden, D., Greiner, S., & Hillier, S. L. (2013). Deployment of military mothers: supportive and nonsupportive military programs, processes, and policies. Military Medicine, 178, 7, 729-34.
Hamilton, A. B., Poza, I., Hines, V., & Washington, D. L. (2012). Barriers to Psychosocial Services Among Homeless Women Veterans. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 12, 1, 52-68.
Hamilton, A. B., Poza, I., & Washington, D. L. (2011). Homelessness and trauma go hand-in-hand: Pathways to homelessness among women Veterans. Women's Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health, 21, 4.
Hamilton, A. B., Washington, D. L., & Zuchowski, J. L. (2013). Gendered social roots of homelessness among women Veterans. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 37, 2, 92-107.
Henry, Mahathey, Morrill, Robinson, Shivji & Watt. (2018). The 2018 annual homeless assessment report (AHAR) to Congress: PART 1 Point-in-time estimates of homelessness. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development.
Lutwak, N., & Dill, C. (2013). Military Sexual Trauma Increases Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Thereby Amplifying the Possibility of Suicidal Ideation and Cardiovascular Disease. Military Medicine, 178, 4, 359-361.
Maguen, S., Luxton, D. D., Skopp, N. A., & Madden, E. (2012). Gender differences in traumatic experiences and mental health in active duty soldiers redeployed from Iraq and Afghanistan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 3, 311-6.
Montgomery, A. E., & Byrne, T. H. (2014). Services Utilization Among Recently Homeless Veterans: A Gender-Based Comparison. Military Medicine, 179(3), 236–9. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00426.
Montgomery, A. E., Dichter, M. E., Thomasson, A. M., Fu, X., & Roberts, C. B. (2015). Demographic Characteristics Associated with Homelessness and Risk Among Female and Male Veterans Accessing VHA Outpatient Care. Women's Health Issues, 25, 1, 42-48.
National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. (2017). Women Veterans Report: The past, present, and future of women Veterans. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.
Pavao, J., Turchik, J. A., Hyun, J. K., Karpenko, J., Saweikis, M., McCutcheon, S., Kane, V., ... Kimerling, R. (2013). Military Sexual Trauma Among Homeless Veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28, 536-541.
Tessler, R., Rosenheck, R., & Gamache, G. (2001). Gender Differences in Self-Reported Reasons for Homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 10, 3, 243-254.
Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2015). Risk factors for homelessness among US veterans. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37, 177-95.
Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A., & Kane, V. (2014). Homeless female U.S. Veterans in a national supported housing program: Comparison of individual characteristics and outcomes with male Veterans. Psychological Services, 11, 3, 309-316.
Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A., & McGuire, J. F. (2012). Comparison of outcomes of homeless female and male veterans in transitional housing. Community Mental Health Journal, 48, 6, 705-710.
Washington, D. L., Yano, E. M., McGuire, J., Hines, V., Lee, M., & Gelberg, L. (2010). Risk Factors for Homelessness among Women Veterans. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21, 1, 82-91.
Blackstock, O. J., Haskell, S. G., Brandt, C. A., & Desai, R. A. (2012). Gender and the use of Veterans Health Administration homeless services programs among Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Medical Care, 50, 4, 347-52.
Boyd, M. A., Bradshaw, W., & Robinson, M. (2013). Mental health issues of women deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 27, 1, 10-22.
Chen, J. H., Rosenheck, R. A, Kasprow, W. J., & Greenberg, G. (2007). Receipt of disability through an outreach program for homeless Veterans. Military Medicine, 172(5), 461–465.
Edens, E. L., Kasprow, W., Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2011). Association of substance use and VA service-connected disability benefits with risk of homelessness among veterans. The American Journal on Addictions, 20, 5.
Etikan, I. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5, 1, 1-4.
Ferdinando, L. (2018, May, 1). DOD Releases Annual Report on Sexual Assault in Military. Retrieved from URL: https://dod.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1508127/dod-releases-annual-report-on-sexual-assault-in-military/
Gamache, G., Rosenheck, R., & Tessler, R. (2003). Overrepresentation of women Veterans among homeless women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 7, 1132-6.
Goodman, P., Turner, A., Agazio, J., Throop, M., Padden, D., Greiner, S., & Hillier, S. L. (2013). Deployment of military mothers: supportive and nonsupportive military programs, processes, and policies. Military Medicine, 178, 7, 729-34.
Hamilton, A. B., Poza, I., Hines, V., & Washington, D. L. (2012). Barriers to Psychosocial Services Among Homeless Women Veterans. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 12, 1, 52-68.
Hamilton, A. B., Poza, I., & Washington, D. L. (2011). Homelessness and trauma go hand-in-hand: Pathways to homelessness among women Veterans. Women's Health Issues: Official Publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health, 21, 4.
Hamilton, A. B., Washington, D. L., & Zuchowski, J. L. (2013). Gendered social roots of homelessness among women Veterans. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 37, 2, 92-107.
Henry, Mahathey, Morrill, Robinson, Shivji & Watt. (2018). The 2018 annual homeless assessment report (AHAR) to Congress: PART 1 Point-in-time estimates of homelessness. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development.
Lutwak, N., & Dill, C. (2013). Military Sexual Trauma Increases Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Thereby Amplifying the Possibility of Suicidal Ideation and Cardiovascular Disease. Military Medicine, 178, 4, 359-361.
Maguen, S., Luxton, D. D., Skopp, N. A., & Madden, E. (2012). Gender differences in traumatic experiences and mental health in active duty soldiers redeployed from Iraq and Afghanistan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 3, 311-6.
Montgomery, A. E., & Byrne, T. H. (2014). Services Utilization Among Recently Homeless Veterans: A Gender-Based Comparison. Military Medicine, 179(3), 236–9. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00426.
Montgomery, A. E., Dichter, M. E., Thomasson, A. M., Fu, X., & Roberts, C. B. (2015). Demographic Characteristics Associated with Homelessness and Risk Among Female and Male Veterans Accessing VHA Outpatient Care. Women's Health Issues, 25, 1, 42-48.
National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. (2017). Women Veterans Report: The past, present, and future of women Veterans. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC.
Pavao, J., Turchik, J. A., Hyun, J. K., Karpenko, J., Saweikis, M., McCutcheon, S., Kane, V., ... Kimerling, R. (2013). Military Sexual Trauma Among Homeless Veterans. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28, 536-541.
Tessler, R., Rosenheck, R., & Gamache, G. (2001). Gender Differences in Self-Reported Reasons for Homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 10, 3, 243-254.
Tsai, J., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2015). Risk factors for homelessness among US veterans. Epidemiologic Reviews, 37, 177-95.
Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A., & Kane, V. (2014). Homeless female U.S. Veterans in a national supported housing program: Comparison of individual characteristics and outcomes with male Veterans. Psychological Services, 11, 3, 309-316.
Tsai, J., Rosenheck, R. A., & McGuire, J. F. (2012). Comparison of outcomes of homeless female and male veterans in transitional housing. Community Mental Health Journal, 48, 6, 705-710.
Washington, D. L., Yano, E. M., McGuire, J., Hines, V., Lee, M., & Gelberg, L. (2010). Risk Factors for Homelessness among Women Veterans. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21, 1, 82-91.
Cómo citar
Caribbean Homeless Women Veterans: Military and psychosocial characteristics and the association of VA service-connected disabilities. (2020). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 31(1), 36-44. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/573
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Cómo citar
Caribbean Homeless Women Veterans: Military and psychosocial characteristics and the association of VA service-connected disabilities. (2020). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 31(1), 36-44. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/573