¿La escuela privada reduce el riesgo de depresión juvenil? Un estudio transversal en Puerto Rico
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Publicado
Dec 23, 2019
Resumen
Aunque comúnmente se cree que la educación privada facilita alcanzar mejores logros académicos y oportunidades universitarias o laborales, la literatura sobre la depresión por tipo de escuela no es conclusiva. Exploramos diferencias en sintomatología depresiva (SD) e indicadores asociados en 621 jóvenes (12-18 años) de escuelas públicas y privadas de la región de San Juan. Completaron el Inventario para la Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva y el Children’s Depression Inventory. Usamos análisis multivariados y univariados de covarianza para comparar su SD y autoeficacia para la depresión (AED) por tipo de escuela en las 2 semanas (U2S) y los 6 meses más recientes, ajustando por nivel socio-económico familiar percibido y otras variables. Quienes asistían a aulas privadas reportaron más SD en ambos períodos de tiempo y sus contrapartes tuvieron más AED en las U2S. Utilizando el Chi-cuadrado y el Odds Ratio, analizamos la asociación entre el tipo de escuela y otros indicadores relevantes. En análisis univariados y ajustados, quienes estudiaban en aulas privadas tuvieron mayor propensión a mostrar indicadores de depresión. Sin que ello implique causalidad, estudiar en aulas privadas se asoció a mayor severidad en sintomatología y propensión a indicadores de depresión. Discutimos posibles explicaciones e implicaciones de estos hallazgos.
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References
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Al-Marri, A., & Al- Qahtani, N. (2017). The prevalence of depression and associated factors among adolescent females in secondary schools in AlKhobar City, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Scientific Research, 6(9), 32-38.
Ali, S., Al Faisal, W., Mahdy, N. H., Hussein, H., El Sawaf, E., & Wasfy, A. (2014). Determinants and prevalence of depressive symptoms in secondary school students in Dubai. Middle East Journal of Psychiatry & Alzheimer, 5(3), 11-18.
Asare, M., & Danquah, S. A. (2015). The relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health in Ghanaian adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1), 11. doi: 10.1186/s13034-015-0043-x
Benjet, C., Hernández-Guzmán, L., Tercero-Quintanilla, G., Hernández-Roque, A., & Chartt-León, R. M. (1999). Validez y confiabilidad de la CES-D en peri-púberes. Revista Mexicana de Psicología, 16(1), 175-185.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). High school Youth Risk Behavior Survey data: Puerto Rico 2017. https://nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Results.aspx?LID=PR
Center on Education Policy. (2007). Are private high schools better academically than public high schools? Washington, DC: Author.
Chen, W. (2018). Academic stress, depression, and social support: A comparison of Chinese students in international baccalaureate programs and key schools. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7274
Cumba-Avilés, E. & Feliciano-López, V. (2013). Estudio piloto de validación del Inventario para la Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva (INEESD). Ciencias de la Conducta, 28(1), 1-33.
Cumba-Avilés, E. & Feliciano-López, V. (2015). Development and validation of an indigenous measure of depression for Puerto Rican adolescents. American Psychological Association 2015 Convention Presentations and Abstracts Volume 8; 2015, 904-905. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/e506802016-001
De la Peña-Olivera, F., Gómez-Castro, C., Heinze-Martin, G. & Palacios-Cruz, L. (2014). Adversidad social y trastornos psiquiátricos: Estudio comparativo entre estudiantes de secundarias públicas y privadas. Salud Mental, 37(6), 483-489.
Del Barrio, V. (2007). Depresión infantil: Causas, evaluación y tratamiento. Barcelona: Ariel.
Díaz-Atienza, F., Prados-Cuesta, M., & López-Galán S. (2002). Relación entre rendimiento académico, síntomas depresivos, edad y género en una población de adolescentes. Psiquiatría.com, 6(2). Disponible en http://psiqu.com/2-3700
Disdier, O. M. (2015). Anuario Estadístico del Sistema Educativo: 2012‐2013. Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. Disponible en http://www.estadisticas.gobierno.pr.
Disdier, O. M., & Jara, A. G. (2017). Anuario Estadístico del Sistema Educativo: 2014‐2015. Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. Disponible en https://estadisticas.pr/files/ Publicaciones/ Anuario_Estadistico_Educativo_2014-2015.pdf
Duarté-Vélez, Y. (2007). Modelo socio-cognitivo de vulnerabilidad a la ideación suicida en una muestra de adolescentes puertorriqueños/as (Disertación doctoral sin publicar). Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras.
Fakunmoju, S. B., & Bammeke, F. O. (2015). Anxiety disorders and depression among high school adolescents and youths in Nigeria: Understanding differential effects of physical abuse at home and school. Journal of Adolescence, 42, 1-10.
Feliciano-López, V., & Cumba-Avilés, E. (2014). Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario para la Evaluación del Espectro de la Sintomatología Depresiva en adolescentes. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(2), 260-278.
Fleitlich-Bilyk, B., & Goodman, R. (2004). Prevalence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in southeast Brazil. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(6), 727-734. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000120021.14101.ca
García-Alonso, A. (2009). La depresión en adolescentes. Revista de Estudios de Juventud, 84, 85-104.
Georgiades, K., Boyle, M. H. & Fife, K. A. (2013). Emotional and behavioral problems among adolescent students: The role of immigrant, racial/ethnic congruence and belongingness in
schools. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1473-1492.
Gorenstein, C., Andrade, L., Zanolo, E., & Artes, R. (2005). Expression of depressive symptoms in a nonclinical Brazilian adolescent sample. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50(3), 129-
136. doi: 10.1177/070674370505000301
Goss, P., & Sonnemann, J. (2018). Measuring student progress: A state-by-state report card. Grattan Institute. Recuperado de https://grattan.edu.au/report/measuring-student-progress/
Gouveia, V. V., Barbosa, G. A., de Almeida, H. J. F., & de Andrade Gaião, A. (1995). Inventário de depressão infantil - CDI: estudo de adaptação com escolares de João Pessoa. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 44(7), 345-349.
Greening, L., & Dollinger, S. J. (1993). Rural adolescents' perceived personal risks for suicide. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22(2), 211-217. doi: 10.1007/bf01536654
Hinojosa, J, Meléndez, E., & Severino-Pietri, K. (2019). Population decline and school closure in Puerto Rico. New York: Center for Puerto Rican Studies (RB2019-01). https:// centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/data-center/research-briefs/population-decline-and-school-closure-puerto-rico
Holguín, J. A. M., Rodríguez, M. J. C., Pérez, R. R., & Valdez, E. A. (2007). Intentos de suicidio en adolescentes de educación media superior y su relación con la familia. Psicología y Salud, 17(1), 45-51.
Jahangasht, K. H., Asiri, S. H., Pakseresht, S., & Kazemnejad, L. E. (2016). Prevalence of depression symptoms and its related factors in school students. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 25(81), 8-15.
Jatobá, J. D. A. V. N., & Bastos, O. (2007). Depressão e ansiedade em adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 56(3), 171-179.
Kelly, J. P., & Scafidi, B. (2013). More than scores: An analysis of why and how parents choose private schools. Indianapolis, IN: The Freidman Foundation for Educational Choice. Disponible en https://isminc.com/pdf/research-free/parents/4199
Kitson, M. A., & Hsu, M. H. (2014, August). Perfectionism, anxiety, and depression in teenage girls from affluent families. Paper presented at the 122nd American Psychological Association Annual Convention.
Kovacs, M. (2001). Children´s Depression Inventory (CDI): Technical manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
Lubin, B., Terre, L., & DeSouza, E. (1992). Comparison of public and parochial school patterns of student affect. Adolescence, 27(106), 413-416.
Luthar, S. S., & Latendresse, S. J. (2005). Children of the affluent: Challenges to well-being. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(1), 49-53. doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00333.x
Machado, M. d. R., Bruck, I., Antoniuk, S. A., Cat, M. N. L., Soares, M. C., & Silva, A. F. d. (2018). Internet addiction and its correlation with behavioral problems and functional impairments: A cross-sectional study. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 67, 34-38.
Martínez-Otero Pérez, V. (2007). Sintomatología depresiva en adolescentes: Estudio de una muestra de escolares de la zona sur de Madrid capital. Revista Científica Electrónica de Psicología, 3, 224-237. https://www.yumpu.com/es/document/view/14535601
Moad, C. (2007). Depresión en adolescentes de escuelas públicas y privadas. Psicología Iberoamericana, 15(1), 6-12. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=133915928002
Modabber-Nia, M. J., Shodjai-Tehrani, H., Moosavi, S. R., Jahanbakhsh-Asli, N., & Fallahi, M. (2007). The prevalence of depression among high school and pre-university adolescents: Rasht, northern Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 10(2), 141-146. doi: 07102/AIM.003
Moeini, B., Bashirian, S., Soltanian, A. R., Ghaleiha, A., & Taheri, M. (2019). Prevalence of depression and its associated sociodemographic factors among Iranian female adolescents
in secondary schools. BMC Psychology, 7(1), 25. doi: 10.1186/s40359-019-0298-8
Moksnes, U. K., Løhre, A., Lillefjell, M., Byrne, D. G., & Haugan, G. (2014). The association between school stress, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms in adolescents: Life satisfaction as a potential mediator. Social Indicators Research, 1-19 (Advance online
publication) doi:10.1007/s11205-014-0842-0
Moscoso-Álvarez, M. R., Rodríguez-Figueroa, L., Reyes-Pulliza, J. C., & Colón, H. M. (2016). Adolescentes de Puerto Rico: Una mirada a su salud mental y su asociación con el entorno familiar y escolar. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 27(2), 320-332.
Ogunboyo, O. F. (2018). Modeling correlates of depression among in-school adolescents using multilevel models. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 8(6), 186-193. doi: 10.29322/IJSRP.8.6.2018.p7825
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Cómo citar
¿La escuela privada reduce el riesgo de depresión juvenil? Un estudio transversal en Puerto Rico. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(2), 222-240. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/556
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Cómo citar
¿La escuela privada reduce el riesgo de depresión juvenil? Un estudio transversal en Puerto Rico. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(2), 222-240. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/556