Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes in Puerto Rican Families
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Publicado
Jun 28, 2019
Jeisianne Rosario Colón
Melanie M. Domenech Rodriguez
Renee V. Galliher
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-6890
Resumen
The purpose of this study was to evaluate observed parenting styles among Puerto Rican parents and understand the relationship between those styles and child outcomes. Participants included 51 families with a child between the ages of 6 and 11. Three parenting dimensions (i.e., warmth, demandingness, autonomy granting) were coded with the Parenting Style Observation Rating Scale. We used the Child Behavior Checklist to assess child behavioral problems. Overall, parents received high ratings on warmth, demandingness, and autonomy granting. Supportive demandingness was negatively associated with internalizing, externalizing, and total child problems. The majority of the sample was categorized as authoritative (68.6%), while 23.5% was categorized as cold. Authoritative parenting was significantly associated with lower child problems across the board in comparison to families categorized as cold or permissive. Limitations of the current study were considered. We discussed implications of the results and directions for future research in regard to Puerto Rican parenting for families living in Puerto Rico.
##plugins.generic.articleMetricsGraph.articlePageHeading##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Keywords
References
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Aspland, H., & Gardner, F. (2003). Observational measures of parent‐child interaction: An introductory review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00061
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611x`
Baumrind, D. (1972). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, 7, 3–46.
Becerra, D., & Castillo, J. (2011). Culturally protective parenting practices against substance use among adolescents in Mexico. Journal of Substance Use, 16, 136-149. http://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2010.518199
Bolkan, C., Sano, Y., De Costa, J., Acock, A. C., & Day, R. D. (2010). Early adolescents’ perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles and problem behavior. Marriage & Family Review, 46, 563–579. http://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2010.543040
Calzada, E. J., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Self-reported parenting practices in Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers of young children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 354-363. https://doi.org/10.1207/153744202760082612
Concepción, R. (2008). Puerto Rican migration, settlement patterns, and assimilation in the Orlando MSA (Unpublished master's thesis). University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC.
Davidson, T. M., & Cardemil, E. V. (2009). Parent-child communication and parental involvement in Latino adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 99-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608324480
Domínguez Miguela, A. (2001). El legado de 1898 en Puerto Rico: Confrontación y ambivalencia cultural. In J. E. Cruz Cabrera & C. Flys Junquera (Eds.), El nuevo horizonte: España-Estados Unidos: El legado de 1848 y 1898 frente al nuevo mielenio (pp. 225-238). España: Universidad de Alcalá
Dumka, L. E., Gonzáles, N. A., Bonds, D. D., & Millsap, R. E. (2009). Academic success of Mexican origin adolescent boys and girls: The role of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting and cultural orientation. Sex Roles, 60, 588–599. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9518-z
Falicov, C. J. (1998). Latino families in therapy: A guide to multicultural practice. New York: Guilford Press.
Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Behavioral observation. R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 273-291). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
García-Preto, N. (1996). Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Dittus, P., Jaccard, J., Johansson, M., Bouris, A., & Acosta, N. (2007). Parenting practices among Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers. Social Work, 52, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/52.1.17
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749–775. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Gerris, J. R. M., van der Laan, P. H., & Smeenk, W. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 813–827. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004
Kawabata, Y., Alink, L. R. A., Tseng, W.L., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Crick, N. R. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 31, 240–278. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2011.08.001
Leeman, R. F., Patock-Peckham, J. A., Hoff, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L. J., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Perceived parental permissiveness toward gambling and risky behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 115–123. http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.012
Leidy, M. S., Guerra, N. G., & Toro, R. I. (2012). Positive parenting, family cohesion, and child social competence among immigrant Latino families. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 1(S), 3–13. http://doi.org/10.1037/2168-1678.1.S.3
Lindahl, K. M. (2001). Methodological issues in family observational research. In P. K. Kerig & K. M. Lindahl (Eds.), Family observational coding systems: Resources for systemic research (pp. 23-32). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Luyckx, K., Tildesley, E. A., Soenens, B., Andrews, J. A., Hampson, S. E., Peterson, M., & Duriez, B. (2011). Parenting and trajectories of children’s maladaptive behaviors: A 12-year prospective community study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40, 468–478. http://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.563470
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization within the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality and social development (pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.
Masked (2006). Predicting child outcomes from parenting styles of Spanish-speaking families. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Masked (2009). Parenting styles in a cultural context: Observations of “Protective Parenting” in first-generation Latinos. Family Process, 48, 195–210. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01277.x
Masked (2010, November 13). Tomando el control de la montaña rusa familiar [Taking control of the family roller coaster]. El Vocero, 24.
Masked (2011). Halando en equipo la soga de los problemas familiares [Approaching the problem solving tug of war as a family team]. El Vocero.
Masked (2011, March 15). Entre la espada y la pared: Encontrando soluciones familiares ante el acoso escolar [Between a rock and hard place: Finding solutions in the family to school bullying]. El Vocero, 27.
Masked (2013). Parenting in Puerto Rican families: Mothers and father’s self-reported practices. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 47, 299-312.
Masked (2016). Parenting styles and child outcomes in Puerto Rican families (Master’s thesis). Utah State University, Logan, UT.
McDermott, P. S., Somers, C. L., Ceresnie, A. R., Hillman, S. B., & Partridge, R. T. (2014). Maternal and paternal parenting style patterns and adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Marriage & Family Review, 50, 342-359.
Negroni-Rodríguez, L. K. (2004). Puerto Rican abusive and non-abusive mothers’ beliefs about appropriate and inappropriate child discipline. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 12, 65–90. https://doi.org/10.1300/j051v12n04_04
Pérez y González, M. E. (2000). Puerto Ricans in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Ramos, B. M. (2005). Acculturation and depression among Puerto Ricans in the mainland. Social Work Research, 29, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/29.2.95
Ratner, K. (2014). The role of parenting and attachment in identity style development. University of Central Florida Undergraduate Research Journal, 7(1), 15–26.
Rubio-Stipec, M. Bird, H., Canino, G., & Gould, M. (1990). The internal consistency and concurrent validity of a Spanish translation of the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00917642
Schroeder, R. D., Bulanda, R. E., Giordano, P. C., & Cernkovich, S. A. (2010). Parenting and adult criminality: An examination of direct and indirect effects by race. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 64–98. http://doi.org/10.1177/0743558409354215
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Wadsworth Cengage learning.
Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sánchez-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, M., & Mashunkashey, J. (2004). Parenting style of Mexican, Mexican American, and Caucasian-Non-Hispanic families: Social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 651–657. http://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.651
White, R. M. B., Zeiders, K. H., Gonzáles, N. A., Tein, J. Y., & Roosa, M. W. (2013). Cultural values, U.S. neighborhood danger, and Mexican American parents’ parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 27, 365–375. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0032888
Aspland, H., & Gardner, F. (2003). Observational measures of parent‐child interaction: An introductory review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 8, 136-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00061
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611x`
Baumrind, D. (1972). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, 7, 3–46.
Becerra, D., & Castillo, J. (2011). Culturally protective parenting practices against substance use among adolescents in Mexico. Journal of Substance Use, 16, 136-149. http://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2010.518199
Bolkan, C., Sano, Y., De Costa, J., Acock, A. C., & Day, R. D. (2010). Early adolescents’ perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles and problem behavior. Marriage & Family Review, 46, 563–579. http://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2010.543040
Calzada, E. J., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Self-reported parenting practices in Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers of young children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 354-363. https://doi.org/10.1207/153744202760082612
Concepción, R. (2008). Puerto Rican migration, settlement patterns, and assimilation in the Orlando MSA (Unpublished master's thesis). University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC.
Davidson, T. M., & Cardemil, E. V. (2009). Parent-child communication and parental involvement in Latino adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 99-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608324480
Domínguez Miguela, A. (2001). El legado de 1898 en Puerto Rico: Confrontación y ambivalencia cultural. In J. E. Cruz Cabrera & C. Flys Junquera (Eds.), El nuevo horizonte: España-Estados Unidos: El legado de 1848 y 1898 frente al nuevo mielenio (pp. 225-238). España: Universidad de Alcalá
Dumka, L. E., Gonzáles, N. A., Bonds, D. D., & Millsap, R. E. (2009). Academic success of Mexican origin adolescent boys and girls: The role of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting and cultural orientation. Sex Roles, 60, 588–599. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9518-z
Falicov, C. J. (1998). Latino families in therapy: A guide to multicultural practice. New York: Guilford Press.
Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Behavioral observation. R. W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (pp. 273-291). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
García-Preto, N. (1996). Ethnicity and family therapy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Dittus, P., Jaccard, J., Johansson, M., Bouris, A., & Acosta, N. (2007). Parenting practices among Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers. Social Work, 52, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/52.1.17
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Eichelsheim, V. I., van der Laan, P. H., Smeenk, W., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2009). The relationship between parenting and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 749–775. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9310-8
Hoeve, M., Dubas, J. S., Gerris, J. R. M., van der Laan, P. H., & Smeenk, W. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles: Unique and combined links to adolescent and early adult delinquency. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 813–827. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.02.004
Kawabata, Y., Alink, L. R. A., Tseng, W.L., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Crick, N. R. (2011). Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 31, 240–278. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2011.08.001
Leeman, R. F., Patock-Peckham, J. A., Hoff, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Steinberg, M. A., Rugle, L. J., & Potenza, M. N. (2014). Perceived parental permissiveness toward gambling and risky behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 115–123. http://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.012
Leidy, M. S., Guerra, N. G., & Toro, R. I. (2012). Positive parenting, family cohesion, and child social competence among immigrant Latino families. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 1(S), 3–13. http://doi.org/10.1037/2168-1678.1.S.3
Lindahl, K. M. (2001). Methodological issues in family observational research. In P. K. Kerig & K. M. Lindahl (Eds.), Family observational coding systems: Resources for systemic research (pp. 23-32). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Luyckx, K., Tildesley, E. A., Soenens, B., Andrews, J. A., Hampson, S. E., Peterson, M., & Duriez, B. (2011). Parenting and trajectories of children’s maladaptive behaviors: A 12-year prospective community study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40, 468–478. http://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.563470
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization within the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality and social development (pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.
Masked (2006). Predicting child outcomes from parenting styles of Spanish-speaking families. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Masked (2009). Parenting styles in a cultural context: Observations of “Protective Parenting” in first-generation Latinos. Family Process, 48, 195–210. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01277.x
Masked (2010, November 13). Tomando el control de la montaña rusa familiar [Taking control of the family roller coaster]. El Vocero, 24.
Masked (2011). Halando en equipo la soga de los problemas familiares [Approaching the problem solving tug of war as a family team]. El Vocero.
Masked (2011, March 15). Entre la espada y la pared: Encontrando soluciones familiares ante el acoso escolar [Between a rock and hard place: Finding solutions in the family to school bullying]. El Vocero, 27.
Masked (2013). Parenting in Puerto Rican families: Mothers and father’s self-reported practices. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 47, 299-312.
Masked (2016). Parenting styles and child outcomes in Puerto Rican families (Master’s thesis). Utah State University, Logan, UT.
McDermott, P. S., Somers, C. L., Ceresnie, A. R., Hillman, S. B., & Partridge, R. T. (2014). Maternal and paternal parenting style patterns and adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Marriage & Family Review, 50, 342-359.
Negroni-Rodríguez, L. K. (2004). Puerto Rican abusive and non-abusive mothers’ beliefs about appropriate and inappropriate child discipline. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 12, 65–90. https://doi.org/10.1300/j051v12n04_04
Pérez y González, M. E. (2000). Puerto Ricans in the United States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Ramos, B. M. (2005). Acculturation and depression among Puerto Ricans in the mainland. Social Work Research, 29, 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/29.2.95
Ratner, K. (2014). The role of parenting and attachment in identity style development. University of Central Florida Undergraduate Research Journal, 7(1), 15–26.
Rubio-Stipec, M. Bird, H., Canino, G., & Gould, M. (1990). The internal consistency and concurrent validity of a Spanish translation of the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00917642
Schroeder, R. D., Bulanda, R. E., Giordano, P. C., & Cernkovich, S. A. (2010). Parenting and adult criminality: An examination of direct and indirect effects by race. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 64–98. http://doi.org/10.1177/0743558409354215
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Wadsworth Cengage learning.
Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sánchez-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, M., & Mashunkashey, J. (2004). Parenting style of Mexican, Mexican American, and Caucasian-Non-Hispanic families: Social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 651–657. http://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.651
White, R. M. B., Zeiders, K. H., Gonzáles, N. A., Tein, J. Y., & Roosa, M. W. (2013). Cultural values, U.S. neighborhood danger, and Mexican American parents’ parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 27, 365–375. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0032888
Cómo citar
Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes in Puerto Rican Families. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(1), 12-28. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/414
Número
Sección
Artículo de investigación
Si se acepta un trabajo para su publicación, los derechos de impresión y de reproducción por cualquier forma y medio son de la Asociación de Psicología de Puerto Rico (APPR), que no rechazará cualquier petición razonable por parte de los autores para obtener el permiso de reproducción de sus contribuciones. Debe adjuntarse una carta tipo de cesión de derechos. Se entiende que las opiniones expresadas en los artículos son de responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no comprometen la opinión y política científica de la Revista ni de la APPR. Igualmente, las actividades descritas en los trabajos publicados estarán de acuerdo con los criterios de ética, tanto por lo que se refiere a los trabajos con humanos como a la experimentación animal, así como en todo lo relativo a la ética profesional.
Cómo citar
Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes in Puerto Rican Families. (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(1), 12-28. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/414