Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Comportamientos de Ciudadanía Organizacional (ECCO)
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Publicado
Jun 28, 2019
Adam Rosario-Rodríguez
Ramón Rodríguez-Montalbán
Miguel Martínez-Lugo
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1603-5040
Resumen
Los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional son conductas prosociales que pueden beneficiar a los empleados y estimular el desempeño organizacional. Para estudiar este constructo es necesario tener herramientas que sean válidas y confiables. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comportamientos de Ciudadanía Organizacional (ECCO): validez de constructo, análisis de ítems, análisis de fiabilidad y validez discriminante. Este estudio se realizó mediante el análisis secundario de datos obteniendo una muestra total de 934 participantes. Los resultados evidencian que la versión final de la ECCO (M3) consta de cinco factores (altruismo, deportividad, virtud cívica, concienciación y cortesía) con las propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para ser utilizada en investigaciones y en diagnósticos organizacionales sobre los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional.
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Keywords
References
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Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee “citizenship”. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
Chen, C. C., & Chiu, S. F. (2009). The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(4), 474-494.
Clark, O. L., Zickar, M. J., & Jex, S. M. (2014). Role definition as a moderator of the relationship between safety climate and organizational citizenship behavior among hospital nurses. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 101–110.
Coleman, V. I., & Borman, W. C. (2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 25-44.
Dávila de León, M. C., & Finkelstein, M. (2016). Comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional y bienestar. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 16(1), 35–48.
Doornik, J. A. and Hansen, H. (2008). An omnibus test for univariate and multivariate normality. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70, 927–939. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00537.x
Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Schroeder, D. A., & Penner, L. A. (2006). The social psychology of pro- social behavior. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Ehrhart, M. G., Aarons, G. A., & Farahnak, L. R. (2015). Going above and beyond for implementation: The development and validity testing of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale (ICBS). Implementation Science, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0255-8
Fahr, J. L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721.
Finkelstein, M. A., & Penner, L. A. (2004). Predicting organizational citizenship behavior: Integrating the functional and role identity approaches. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(4), 383–398.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39–50.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 48-58.
Hui, C., Lam, S. S., & Law, K. K. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822–828.
Kline, T. J. B. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Konovsky, M. A., & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 215–224.
Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 656-669.
LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52-65.
Lievens, F., & Anseel, F. (2004). Confirmatory factor analysis and invariance of an organizational citizenship behaviour measure across samples in a Dutch-speaking context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1348/0963179041752727
Lo, M. C., & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a multicultural society: The case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 2(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v2n1p48
Martínez-Lugo, M., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, M. (noviembre, 2005). Comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional, inteligencia emocional y el comportamiento grupal en el lugar de trabajo. Ponencia presentada en la 52da Convención Anual de la APPR, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Martínez-Lugo, M., Miranda, S., Santiago, I., Donate, J., Benítez, E., Clavell, A., González, E., & Pagán, A. (noviembre, 2004). Desarrollo de la escala de comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (ECCO). Cartel presentado en la 51era Convención Anual de la APPR, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
Methot, J. R., Lepak, D., Shipp, A. J., & Boswell, W. R. (2017). Good citizen interrupted: Calibrating a temporal theory of citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), 10–31. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0415
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee’s perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543–1567.
Nadeem, S., & Haider, A. (2015). The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and organizational citizenshp Behaviour (OCB): The moderating role of Islamic work ethics (IWE). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11.
Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intensions, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 33-41.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexintong, MA: Lexintong.
Organ, D. W. (1994). Personality and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 20(2), 465–478.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It’s construct clean-up time. Human Performance, 10(2), 85–97.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Penner, L. A., Midili, A., & Kegelmeyer, J. (1997). Beyond job attitudes: A personality and social psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior. Human Performance, 10, 111-131.
Phipps, S. T. A., Prieto, L. C., & Deis, M. H. (2015). The role of personality in organizational citizenship behavior: Introducing counterproductive work behavior and integrating impression management as a moderating factor. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 19(1), 176–196.
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual and organizational level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 122–141.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
Quintana-Rondón, R. (2011). El comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional y su relación con la personalidad resistente y el clima de trabajo en una muestra de personal de enfermería (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rodríguez-Montalbán, R., Martínez-Lugo, M., & Salanova-Soria, M. (2014a). Justicia organizacional, engagement en el trabajo y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: Una combinación ganadora. Universitas Psychologica, 13(3), 961–974. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-3.joet
Rodríguez-Montalbán, R., Sánchez-Cardona, I., & Martínez-Lugo, M. (2014b). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional de compañeros de trabajo (ECCOCT) en un grupo de empleados(as) en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(1), 30–49.
Rosario-Hernández, E., & Rovira-Millán, L. (2004). Desarrollo y validación de la escala de ciudadanía organizacional. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 15, 1-25.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507-514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Smith, A., Organ, D., & Near, J. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
Taghinezhad, F., Safavi, M., Raiesifar, A., & Yahyavi, S. H. (2015). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior among Iranian nurses: A multicenter study. BioMed Central Research Notes, 8, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1505-1
Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. (2003). Relationships among supervisors’ and subordinates’ procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Journal, 6, 97-105.
Tepper, B. J., Lockhart, D., & Hoobler, J. (2001). Justice, citizenship, and role definition effects. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 789–796.
Titrek, O., Polatcan, M., Zafer-Gunes, D., & Sezen, G. (2014). The relationship among emotional intelligence (EQ), organizational justice (OJ), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). International Journal of Academic Research, 6(1), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/B.30
Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765–802.
Wang, L., Hinrichs, K. T., Prieto, L., & Howell, J. P. (2013). Five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior: Comparing antecedents and levels of engagement in China and the US. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9237-1
Williams, L., & Anderson, S. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 103-118.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee “citizenship”. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595.
Chen, C. C., & Chiu, S. F. (2009). The mediating role of job involvement in the relationship between job characteristics and organizational citizenship behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(4), 474-494.
Clark, O. L., Zickar, M. J., & Jex, S. M. (2014). Role definition as a moderator of the relationship between safety climate and organizational citizenship behavior among hospital nurses. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 101–110.
Coleman, V. I., & Borman, W. C. (2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 25-44.
Dávila de León, M. C., & Finkelstein, M. (2016). Comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional y bienestar. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 16(1), 35–48.
Doornik, J. A. and Hansen, H. (2008). An omnibus test for univariate and multivariate normality. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 70, 927–939. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00537.x
Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Schroeder, D. A., & Penner, L. A. (2006). The social psychology of pro- social behavior. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Ehrhart, M. G., Aarons, G. A., & Farahnak, L. R. (2015). Going above and beyond for implementation: The development and validity testing of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale (ICBS). Implementation Science, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0255-8
Fahr, J. L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721.
Finkelstein, M. A., & Penner, L. A. (2004). Predicting organizational citizenship behavior: Integrating the functional and role identity approaches. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(4), 383–398.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39–50.
Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 48-58.
Hui, C., Lam, S. S., & Law, K. K. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822–828.
Kline, T. J. B. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Konovsky, M. A., & Organ, D. W. (1996). Dispositional and contextual determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 215–224.
Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 656-669.
LePine, J. A., Erez, A., & Johnson, D. E. (2002). The nature and dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52-65.
Lievens, F., & Anseel, F. (2004). Confirmatory factor analysis and invariance of an organizational citizenship behaviour measure across samples in a Dutch-speaking context. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1348/0963179041752727
Lo, M. C., & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a multicultural society: The case of Malaysia. International Business Research, 2(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v2n1p48
Martínez-Lugo, M., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, M. (noviembre, 2005). Comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional, inteligencia emocional y el comportamiento grupal en el lugar de trabajo. Ponencia presentada en la 52da Convención Anual de la APPR, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Martínez-Lugo, M., Miranda, S., Santiago, I., Donate, J., Benítez, E., Clavell, A., González, E., & Pagán, A. (noviembre, 2004). Desarrollo de la escala de comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional (ECCO). Cartel presentado en la 51era Convención Anual de la APPR, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
Methot, J. R., Lepak, D., Shipp, A. J., & Boswell, W. R. (2017). Good citizen interrupted: Calibrating a temporal theory of citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Review, 42(1), 10–31. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0415
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role definitions and organizational citizenship behavior: The importance of the employee’s perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543–1567.
Nadeem, S., & Haider, A. (2015). The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and organizational citizenshp Behaviour (OCB): The moderating role of Islamic work ethics (IWE). ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11.
Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An investigation of the role of justice in turnover intensions, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 33-41.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexintong, MA: Lexintong.
Organ, D. W. (1994). Personality and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 20(2), 465–478.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It’s construct clean-up time. Human Performance, 10(2), 85–97.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Penner, L. A., Midili, A., & Kegelmeyer, J. (1997). Beyond job attitudes: A personality and social psychology perspective on the causes of organizational citizenship behavior. Human Performance, 10, 111-131.
Phipps, S. T. A., Prieto, L. C., & Deis, M. H. (2015). The role of personality in organizational citizenship behavior: Introducing counterproductive work behavior and integrating impression management as a moderating factor. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 19(1), 176–196.
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual and organizational level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 122–141.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 107–142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
Quintana-Rondón, R. (2011). El comportamiento de ciudadanía organizacional y su relación con la personalidad resistente y el clima de trabajo en una muestra de personal de enfermería (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rodríguez-Montalbán, R., Martínez-Lugo, M., & Salanova-Soria, M. (2014a). Justicia organizacional, engagement en el trabajo y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional: Una combinación ganadora. Universitas Psychologica, 13(3), 961–974. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-3.joet
Rodríguez-Montalbán, R., Sánchez-Cardona, I., & Martínez-Lugo, M. (2014b). Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional de compañeros de trabajo (ECCOCT) en un grupo de empleados(as) en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 25(1), 30–49.
Rosario-Hernández, E., & Rovira-Millán, L. (2004). Desarrollo y validación de la escala de ciudadanía organizacional. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 15, 1-25.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507-514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Smith, A., Organ, D., & Near, J. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
Taghinezhad, F., Safavi, M., Raiesifar, A., & Yahyavi, S. H. (2015). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior among Iranian nurses: A multicenter study. BioMed Central Research Notes, 8, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1505-1
Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. (2003). Relationships among supervisors’ and subordinates’ procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management Journal, 6, 97-105.
Tepper, B. J., Lockhart, D., & Hoobler, J. (2001). Justice, citizenship, and role definition effects. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 789–796.
Titrek, O., Polatcan, M., Zafer-Gunes, D., & Sezen, G. (2014). The relationship among emotional intelligence (EQ), organizational justice (OJ), organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). International Journal of Academic Research, 6(1), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/B.30
Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765–802.
Wang, L., Hinrichs, K. T., Prieto, L., & Howell, J. P. (2013). Five dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior: Comparing antecedents and levels of engagement in China and the US. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 115–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9237-1
Williams, L., & Anderson, S. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Cómo citar
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Comportamientos de Ciudadanía Organizacional (ECCO). (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(1), 30-46. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/393
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Cómo citar
Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Comportamientos de Ciudadanía Organizacional (ECCO). (2019). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 30(1), 30-46. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/393