Mexican Psychologists and Psychology Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men
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Publicado
2018-06-15
Resumen
The lesbian and gay (LG) community in Mexico has faced a long history of homophobia and intolerance that invariably has influenced their interpersonal relationships with their families, friends and partners as well having an influence on mental health. In preparing future generations of clinicians for work in Mexico, specific research on local LG communities will be invaluable for improving clinical training and addressing the clinical implications of homophobia. As a starting point, this study seeks to better understand current attitudes and levels of knowledge about gays and lesbians among Mexican psychologists and psychology trainees. The participants were 15 practicing psychologists and 60 undergraduate psychology students (n=75) from Mexico City, Mexico. In the AGLP total scale, 2% (n = 1) had negative attitudes and 10.2% (n = 5) had ambivalent attitudes. In the KAIGL total scale, 50% had low scores from 0 to 59 (n=10), 35% had low scores from 60 to 69 (n=7), and 15% had average scores from 70 to 79 (n=3). In general, participants demonstrated positive attitudes toward the LG community, even though there is still some ambivalence and anxiety about providing services to the LG population. Clinical and training implications are discussed.
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Keywords
References
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Arnett, J. (2009). The neglected 95%, a challenge to psychology's philosophy of science. American Psychologist, 64(6), 571-574. doi.org/10.1037/a0016723
Beretvas, S.N., Meyers, J.L., & Leite, W.L. (2005). A reliability generalization study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(4), 570-589.
doi.org/10.1177/0013164402062004003
Cohen, L. (2013, July 29). Mexico’s poverty rate: Half of country’s population lives in poverty. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/29/mexico-poverty-idUSL1N0FV1FM20130729
Comisíon Ciudadana Contra los Crimenes de Odio por Homofobia
(CCCOH, Citizens’ Commission against Homophobic Hate Crimes) (1999, July). Press Conference. Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new social scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354. doi.org/10.1037/h0047358
Danna, V. (2010). Fe y homosexualidad [Faith and Homosexuality]. D.F., México: Buena Prensa, A.C.
Dean, L., Meyer, I.H., Robinson, K., Sell, R.L., Sember, R., Silenzio, V. (2000). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health: Findings and concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 4(3), 101-151. doi.org/10.1023/a:1009573800168
of Clinical Psychology, 66(8), 895-906. doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20710
Esteban-Guitart, M. (2012) Empatía y tolerancia a la diversidad en un contexto educativo intercultural. [Youth diversity in the educational context: reflections for an intercultural approach]. Universitas Psychologica, 11(2), 415-426. doi.org/10.15517/aie.v15i1.16967
France-Presse, A. (2014). Thousands turn out for Mexico City gay pride march. Raw Story. Retrieved from http://www.rawstory.com/rs/blog/2014/06/28/thousands-turn-out-for-mexico-city-gay-pride-march/
Freire, P. (1992). Pedagogy of hope: Reliving the pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum.
Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of the heart. New York, NY: Continuum.
Gadotti, M. (1994) Reading Paulo Freire. His life and work. New York, NY: SUNY Press
Green, R. J. (2003). When the therapist do not want their clients to be homosexual: A response to Rosik’s article. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(1), 29-38. doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb00380.x
Griffin, P., Lee, C., Waugh, J., & Beyer, C. (2004). Describing roles that gay-straight alliances play in schools. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 1(3), 7-22. doi.org/10.1300/j367v01n03_03
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., & Baptista-Lucio, P. (2003). Metodología de la Investigación [Research Methodology]. (3ra ed.). D.F., México: McGraw Hill.
Jiménez, M. (2011). Terapia de grupo para adolescentes gay, lesbianas, bisexuals, transgénero y que cuestionan sus orientación sexual (GLBTQ). ). [Group therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and questioning adolescents (GLBTQ)]. In J. Toro-Alfonso& A. Martinez-Taboas. (Eds). Lesbianas, gays, bisexuals y transgéneros: Apuntes sobre su salud desde la psicología. [Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender: Notes about their health from psychology’s lens]. (pp.87-116). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Jones, L. S. (2000). Attitudes of psychologists and psychologists-in-training to homosexual women and men: An Australian study. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(2), 113-132. doi.org/10.1300/j082v39n02_06
Letras, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana A.C. (2009). Informe de crímenes de odio por homofobia: México 1995-2008. Resultados Preliminares. [Report of homophobic hate crimes: Mexico 1995-2008. Preliminary Results]. Retrieved from http://www.letraese.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Informe.pdf
Loo, R., & Thorpe, K., (2000). Confirmatory factor analyses of the full and short versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 628-635. doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600503
Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mercado Mondragón, J. (2009). Intolerancia a la diversidad sexual y crímenes por homofobia: Un análisis sociológico. [Intolerance for sexual diversity and homophobic crimes: A sociological analysis]. Sociológica, 24(69), 123-156.
McLaren, P., & Leonard, P. (1993). Paulo Freire: A critical encounter. New York, NY: Routledge.
Ortiz-Hernández, L., & Granados-Cosme, J.A. (2006). Violence against bisexuals, gays and lesbians in Mexico City. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(4), 113-40. doi.org/10.1300/j082v50n04_06
Pew Research Center, (2014). The Shifting Religious Identity of Latinos in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/2014/05/07/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the united-states/
Platt, J.J. (2010). Direct practice with Latino families. In R. Furman & N. Negi, (Eds.), Social work practice with Latinos. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
Platt, J.J. (2014). Stepping over a baby’s head: Thoughts on privilege, humanity and liberation. In M. E. Gallardo (Ed.), Developing cultural humility: Embracing race, privilege and power (pp. 199-221). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Platt, J.J. & Laszloffy, T.A. (2013). Critical patriotism: Incorporating nationality into MFT education and training. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39, 441-456. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00325.x
Platt, J.J. & Natrajan-Tyagi, R. (2014). Supervising in an international context: The global professional. In T.C. Todd & C.L. Storm (Eds.) The complete systemic supervisor: Context, philosophy, and pragmatics (pp. 349-362). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Rodríguez, R. (2008), Detrás del arco iris: comunidad gay y participación política. In Singer-
Sochet, M. (2009). (Ed.). Participación política desde la diversidad [Political participation through diversity]. (pp. 309-337). México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Plaza y Valdés.
Stonefish, L., & Harvey, R. G. (2005). Nurturing queer youth: Family therapy transformed. New York, NY: Norton.
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Nazario-Serrano, J., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. (2012). Actitudes hacia Gays y Lesbianas en psicoterapia de estudiantes graduados/as de psicología y psicólogos/as clínicos/as con licencia. [Attitudes toward gays and lesbians in psychotherapy by graduate psychology students and licensed clinical psychologists]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 46(3), 435-446.
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Sayers-Montalvo, S., Nazario-Serrano, J. & Esteban, C. (2012). Evaluation of the capacity a gay and lesbian psychotherapeutic training intervention has to change attitudes and knowledge towards this population. Presentation at the 30th International Congress of Psychology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Vázquez, M., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. K. (2011). Las actitudes de psicólogos/as en adiestramiento clínico hacia atender a los/as clientes gays y lesbianas en psicoterapia: La validación de la Escala de AGLP. [The attitudes of psychologists in clinical training to care for gay and lesbian clients in psychotherapy: Validation of Scale AGLP]. In J. Toro-Alfonso y A. Martínez-Taboas (Ed.), Lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transgéneros: Apuntes sobre su salud desde la psicología. [Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender: Notes about their health from psychology’s lens]. (pp. 193-234) San Juan, PR: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, Inc.
Arnett, J. (2009). The neglected 95%, a challenge to psychology's philosophy of science. American Psychologist, 64(6), 571-574. doi.org/10.1037/a0016723
Beretvas, S.N., Meyers, J.L., & Leite, W.L. (2005). A reliability generalization study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(4), 570-589.
doi.org/10.1177/0013164402062004003
Cohen, L. (2013, July 29). Mexico’s poverty rate: Half of country’s population lives in poverty. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/29/mexico-poverty-idUSL1N0FV1FM20130729
Comisíon Ciudadana Contra los Crimenes de Odio por Homofobia
(CCCOH, Citizens’ Commission against Homophobic Hate Crimes) (1999, July). Press Conference. Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new social scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354. doi.org/10.1037/h0047358
Danna, V. (2010). Fe y homosexualidad [Faith and Homosexuality]. D.F., México: Buena Prensa, A.C.
Dean, L., Meyer, I.H., Robinson, K., Sell, R.L., Sember, R., Silenzio, V. (2000). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health: Findings and concerns. Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 4(3), 101-151. doi.org/10.1023/a:1009573800168
of Clinical Psychology, 66(8), 895-906. doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20710
Esteban-Guitart, M. (2012) Empatía y tolerancia a la diversidad en un contexto educativo intercultural. [Youth diversity in the educational context: reflections for an intercultural approach]. Universitas Psychologica, 11(2), 415-426. doi.org/10.15517/aie.v15i1.16967
France-Presse, A. (2014). Thousands turn out for Mexico City gay pride march. Raw Story. Retrieved from http://www.rawstory.com/rs/blog/2014/06/28/thousands-turn-out-for-mexico-city-gay-pride-march/
Freire, P. (1992). Pedagogy of hope: Reliving the pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Continuum.
Freire, P. (1998). Pedagogy of the heart. New York, NY: Continuum.
Gadotti, M. (1994) Reading Paulo Freire. His life and work. New York, NY: SUNY Press
Green, R. J. (2003). When the therapist do not want their clients to be homosexual: A response to Rosik’s article. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(1), 29-38. doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb00380.x
Griffin, P., Lee, C., Waugh, J., & Beyer, C. (2004). Describing roles that gay-straight alliances play in schools. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 1(3), 7-22. doi.org/10.1300/j367v01n03_03
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., & Baptista-Lucio, P. (2003). Metodología de la Investigación [Research Methodology]. (3ra ed.). D.F., México: McGraw Hill.
Jiménez, M. (2011). Terapia de grupo para adolescentes gay, lesbianas, bisexuals, transgénero y que cuestionan sus orientación sexual (GLBTQ). ). [Group therapy for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and questioning adolescents (GLBTQ)]. In J. Toro-Alfonso& A. Martinez-Taboas. (Eds). Lesbianas, gays, bisexuals y transgéneros: Apuntes sobre su salud desde la psicología. [Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender: Notes about their health from psychology’s lens]. (pp.87-116). San Juan, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas.
Jones, L. S. (2000). Attitudes of psychologists and psychologists-in-training to homosexual women and men: An Australian study. Journal of Homosexuality, 39(2), 113-132. doi.org/10.1300/j082v39n02_06
Letras, Sida, Cultura y Vida Cotidiana A.C. (2009). Informe de crímenes de odio por homofobia: México 1995-2008. Resultados Preliminares. [Report of homophobic hate crimes: Mexico 1995-2008. Preliminary Results]. Retrieved from http://www.letraese.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Informe.pdf
Loo, R., & Thorpe, K., (2000). Confirmatory factor analyses of the full and short versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 628-635. doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600503
Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mercado Mondragón, J. (2009). Intolerancia a la diversidad sexual y crímenes por homofobia: Un análisis sociológico. [Intolerance for sexual diversity and homophobic crimes: A sociological analysis]. Sociológica, 24(69), 123-156.
McLaren, P., & Leonard, P. (1993). Paulo Freire: A critical encounter. New York, NY: Routledge.
Ortiz-Hernández, L., & Granados-Cosme, J.A. (2006). Violence against bisexuals, gays and lesbians in Mexico City. Journal of Homosexuality, 50(4), 113-40. doi.org/10.1300/j082v50n04_06
Pew Research Center, (2014). The Shifting Religious Identity of Latinos in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.pewforum.org/2014/05/07/the-shifting-religious-identity-of-latinos-in-the united-states/
Platt, J.J. (2010). Direct practice with Latino families. In R. Furman & N. Negi, (Eds.), Social work practice with Latinos. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.
Platt, J.J. (2014). Stepping over a baby’s head: Thoughts on privilege, humanity and liberation. In M. E. Gallardo (Ed.), Developing cultural humility: Embracing race, privilege and power (pp. 199-221). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Platt, J.J. & Laszloffy, T.A. (2013). Critical patriotism: Incorporating nationality into MFT education and training. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 39, 441-456. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00325.x
Platt, J.J. & Natrajan-Tyagi, R. (2014). Supervising in an international context: The global professional. In T.C. Todd & C.L. Storm (Eds.) The complete systemic supervisor: Context, philosophy, and pragmatics (pp. 349-362). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Rodríguez, R. (2008), Detrás del arco iris: comunidad gay y participación política. In Singer-
Sochet, M. (2009). (Ed.). Participación política desde la diversidad [Political participation through diversity]. (pp. 309-337). México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México- Plaza y Valdés.
Stonefish, L., & Harvey, R. G. (2005). Nurturing queer youth: Family therapy transformed. New York, NY: Norton.
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Nazario-Serrano, J., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. (2012). Actitudes hacia Gays y Lesbianas en psicoterapia de estudiantes graduados/as de psicología y psicólogos/as clínicos/as con licencia. [Attitudes toward gays and lesbians in psychotherapy by graduate psychology students and licensed clinical psychologists]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 46(3), 435-446.
Vázquez-Rivera, M., Sayers-Montalvo, S., Nazario-Serrano, J. & Esteban, C. (2012). Evaluation of the capacity a gay and lesbian psychotherapeutic training intervention has to change attitudes and knowledge towards this population. Presentation at the 30th International Congress of Psychology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Vázquez, M., & Sayers-Montalvo, S. K. (2011). Las actitudes de psicólogos/as en adiestramiento clínico hacia atender a los/as clientes gays y lesbianas en psicoterapia: La validación de la Escala de AGLP. [The attitudes of psychologists in clinical training to care for gay and lesbian clients in psychotherapy: Validation of Scale AGLP]. In J. Toro-Alfonso y A. Martínez-Taboas (Ed.), Lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transgéneros: Apuntes sobre su salud desde la psicología. [Lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender: Notes about their health from psychology’s lens]. (pp. 193-234) San Juan, PR: Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, Inc.
Cómo citar
Mexican Psychologists and Psychology Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men. (2018). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 29(1), 88-101. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/348
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Cómo citar
Mexican Psychologists and Psychology Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Men. (2018). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 29(1), 88-101. https://www.repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/348