Desarrollo y validación de la escala de consentimiento sexual
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Publicado
2022-12-09
Astrid Evelyn Irizarry Rodriguez
Caleb Esteban
Juan A González
Christopher Reverol Olavarría
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7323
Resumen
Las actitudes hacia el consentimiento sexual tienen un papel importante en la distinción entre la comunicación sexual saludable y violencia. Nuestro propósito en este estudio fue desarrollar y validar la Escala de Consentimiento Sexual (ECS) en una muestra de personas adultas puertorriqueñas. La ECS explora las actitudes hacia el consentimiento sexual. En fases independientes, evaluamos la validez de contenido por un panel de expertos (n=9), mientras que en un grupo focal (n=6) exploramos la compresión de los ítems. Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento la evaluamos con una muestra independiente (n= 211). En el análisis factorial exploratorio, nueve ítems cumplieron con los criterios de asignación de factores al producir una estructura factorial bidimensional que explicó el 58,82% de la varianza de los datos, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, KMO.840; 2 (36) x 756.915, p < .001. El índice de consistencia interna de la escala alcanzó un valor de consistencia interna apropiado (α = .79; alfa estandarizada = .80; M x 30,23; 2.72). Los hallazgos sugieren que la ECS captura dos aspectos del consentimiento sexual: las actitudes hacia la solicitud y la obtención del consentimiento. Concluimos que el ECS es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar estos constructos en el contexto sociocultural puertorriqueño.
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Keywords
Consentimiento sexual, Violencia sexual, Solicitud sexual, Validación de instrumento
References
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510390955
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Berenson, K. (2018). Managing Your Research Data and Documentation: Concise Guides to Conducting Behav-ioral, Health, and Social Science Research. American Psychology Asso-ciation. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000068-000
Beres, M. A. (2007). ‘Spontaneous’ Sexual Consent: An Analysis of Sexual Consent Literature. Feminism & Psychology, 17(1), 93–108.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507072914
Burt, M. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217
Centro de Ayuda a Víctimas de Violación.(2019, febrero). Protocolo de Intervención con Víctimas de Agresión Sexual para Facilidades en Salud (5ta Ed). Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico.
https://cavvsaludpr.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/6/8/116808613/protocolo_de_as.pdf
DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publications.
End Violence Against Women. (2018, December). Attitudes to sexual consent. https://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/1-Attitudes-to-sexual-consent-Research-findings-FINAL.pdf
Field, A. P. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Gerger, H., Kley, H., Bohner, G., & Siebler, F. (2007). The acceptance of modern rape myths about sexual aggression scale: Development and validation in German and English. Aggressive Behavior, 33(5), 422-440. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20195
Glace, A. M., & Kaufman, K. L. (2020). Sexual consent attitudes and rape-supportive norms among gender and sexual minority students. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 20(1), 657–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12221
Gobierno de Puerto Rico. (2012, 30 de Julio). Ley 146 de 2012: Código Penal de Puerto Rico.
https://bvirtualogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/Justicia/146-2012/146-2012.pdf
Harris, P., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., González, N., & Conde, J. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap): A metadata-driven methodol-ogy and workflow process for providing translational research informa-tics support. Journal of Biomedical Informat-ics, 42(2), 377-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
Herbenick, D., Fu, T. J., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2019). The alcohol contexts of consent, wanted sex, sexual pleasure, and sexual assault: Results from a probability survey of undergrad-uate students. Journal of American College Health, 67(2), 144–152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1462827
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., Baptista-Lucio, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. McGraw Hill Education.
Hickman, S., & Muehlenhard, C. (1999). “By the semi‐mystical appearance of a condom”: How young women and men communicate sexual consent in heterosexual situations. The Journal of Sex Research, 36(3), 258-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499909551996
Humphreys, T. (2007). Perceptions of Sexual Consent: The Impact of Relationship History and Gender. Journal of Sex Research, 44(4), 307-315
Humphreys, T., & Brousseau, M. (2010). The Sexual Consent Scale-Revised: Development, reliability, and preliminary validity. Journal of Sex Research, 47(5), 420-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490903151358
IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IBM Corp.
Javidi, H., Maheux, A. J., Widman, L., Kamke, K., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Peterson, Z. D. (2020). Understanding adolescents' attitudes toward affirmative consent. Journal of Sex Research, 57(9), 1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1711009
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Jozkowski, K., Marcantonio, T., & Hunt. M. (2017). College students sexual consent communication and perceptions of sexual double standards: A qualitative
investigation. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(4), 237-244.
https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12041
Jozkowski, K., & Wiersma, J. (2015). Does drinking alcohol prior to sexual activity influence college students’consent? International Journal of Sexual Health, 27(2), 156-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2014.951505
Kline, P. (2000). The Handbook of Psychological Testing (Second Edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315812274
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. SAGE Publications.
Lawshe, C.H. (1975). A Quantitatuve Approach to Context Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: Una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 1151-1169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361
McKenna, J. L., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2021). Predictors of sexual consent attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among sexual minority cisgender and nonbinary young adults. Sex Roles, 85(7-8), 391–404.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01226-5
Pérez-Jiménez, D., & Orengo-Aguayo, R. (2012). Estereotipos sexuales y su relación con conductas sexuales de riesgo. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 23(2), 48-61.
https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/207
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2004). Was it rape? The function of women's rape myth acceptance and definitions of sex in labeling their own experi-ences. Sex Roles, 51(3-4), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000037758.95376.00
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2011). A match-and-motivation model of how women label their nonconsensual sexual experiences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(4), 558–570.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684311410210
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. (2021a). Asalto sexual.
https://www.rainn.org/articles/asalto-sexual
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. (2021b). Legal role of consent. https://www.rainn.org/articles/legal-role-consent
Suarez, E., & Gadalla, T. M. (2010). Stop blaming the victim: A meta-analysis on rape myths. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(11), 2010–2035.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354503
Terrance, C., Logan, A., & Peters, D. (2004). Perceptions of peer sexual harassment among high school students. Sex Roles, 51, 479–490.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000049236.68806.59
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2019). Delitos sexuales 2019. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202019.pdf
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2020). Delitos sexuales 2020. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202020.pdf
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2021). Delitos sexuales 2021. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202021.pdf
Olmo López, D. (2021, mayo 3). Sin actualizar estadísticas sobre violencia sexual y de género en Puerto Rico. https://www.esmental.com/sin-actualizar-estadisticas-sobre-violencia-sexual-y-de-genero-en-puerto-rico/
Willis, M., & Jozkowski, K. (2019). Sexual precedent’s effects on sexual consent communication. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(6), 1723-1734.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1348-7
Willis, M., Marcantonio, T. L., & Jozkowski, K. N. (2021). Momentary versus retros-pective reports of alcohol or cannabis use, sexual activity, and their co-occurrence. Addictive Behaviors, 119(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106932
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510390955
Beck, J. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond (Second Edition) Guilford Press.
Berenson, K. (2018). Managing Your Research Data and Documentation: Concise Guides to Conducting Behav-ioral, Health, and Social Science Research. American Psychology Asso-ciation. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000068-000
Beres, M. A. (2007). ‘Spontaneous’ Sexual Consent: An Analysis of Sexual Consent Literature. Feminism & Psychology, 17(1), 93–108.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507072914
Burt, M. (1980). Cultural myths and supports for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.38.2.217
Centro de Ayuda a Víctimas de Violación.(2019, febrero). Protocolo de Intervención con Víctimas de Agresión Sexual para Facilidades en Salud (5ta Ed). Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico.
https://cavvsaludpr.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/6/8/116808613/protocolo_de_as.pdf
DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publications.
End Violence Against Women. (2018, December). Attitudes to sexual consent. https://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/1-Attitudes-to-sexual-consent-Research-findings-FINAL.pdf
Field, A. P. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Gerger, H., Kley, H., Bohner, G., & Siebler, F. (2007). The acceptance of modern rape myths about sexual aggression scale: Development and validation in German and English. Aggressive Behavior, 33(5), 422-440. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20195
Glace, A. M., & Kaufman, K. L. (2020). Sexual consent attitudes and rape-supportive norms among gender and sexual minority students. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 20(1), 657–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12221
Gobierno de Puerto Rico. (2012, 30 de Julio). Ley 146 de 2012: Código Penal de Puerto Rico.
https://bvirtualogp.pr.gov/ogp/Bvirtual/leyesreferencia/PDF/Justicia/146-2012/146-2012.pdf
Harris, P., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., González, N., & Conde, J. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap): A metadata-driven methodol-ogy and workflow process for providing translational research informa-tics support. Journal of Biomedical Informat-ics, 42(2), 377-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
Herbenick, D., Fu, T. J., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2019). The alcohol contexts of consent, wanted sex, sexual pleasure, and sexual assault: Results from a probability survey of undergrad-uate students. Journal of American College Health, 67(2), 144–152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1462827
Hernández-Sampieri, R., Fernández-Collado, C., Baptista-Lucio, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación. McGraw Hill Education.
Hickman, S., & Muehlenhard, C. (1999). “By the semi‐mystical appearance of a condom”: How young women and men communicate sexual consent in heterosexual situations. The Journal of Sex Research, 36(3), 258-272.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499909551996
Humphreys, T. (2007). Perceptions of Sexual Consent: The Impact of Relationship History and Gender. Journal of Sex Research, 44(4), 307-315
Humphreys, T., & Brousseau, M. (2010). The Sexual Consent Scale-Revised: Development, reliability, and preliminary validity. Journal of Sex Research, 47(5), 420-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224490903151358
IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IBM Corp.
Javidi, H., Maheux, A. J., Widman, L., Kamke, K., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Peterson, Z. D. (2020). Understanding adolescents' attitudes toward affirmative consent. Journal of Sex Research, 57(9), 1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1711009
Jöreskog, K. G. (1977). Factor analysis by least-squares and maximum-likelihood methods. In K. Enslein, A. Ralston & H.S. Wilf (Eds.), Statistical methods for digital computers (3rd ed). Wiley.
Jozkowski, K., Marcantonio, T., & Hunt. M. (2017). College students sexual consent communication and perceptions of sexual double standards: A qualitative
investigation. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 49(4), 237-244.
https://doi.org/10.1363/psrh.12041
Jozkowski, K., & Wiersma, J. (2015). Does drinking alcohol prior to sexual activity influence college students’consent? International Journal of Sexual Health, 27(2), 156-174.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2014.951505
Kline, P. (2000). The Handbook of Psychological Testing (Second Edition). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315812274
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. SAGE Publications.
Lawshe, C.H. (1975). A Quantitatuve Approach to Context Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x
Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., & Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: Una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 1151-1169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361
McKenna, J. L., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2021). Predictors of sexual consent attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among sexual minority cisgender and nonbinary young adults. Sex Roles, 85(7-8), 391–404.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01226-5
Pérez-Jiménez, D., & Orengo-Aguayo, R. (2012). Estereotipos sexuales y su relación con conductas sexuales de riesgo. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 23(2), 48-61.
https://repsasppr.net/index.php/reps/article/view/207
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2004). Was it rape? The function of women's rape myth acceptance and definitions of sex in labeling their own experi-ences. Sex Roles, 51(3-4), 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000037758.95376.00
Peterson, Z. D., & Muehlenhard, C. L. (2011). A match-and-motivation model of how women label their nonconsensual sexual experiences. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(4), 558–570.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684311410210
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. (2021a). Asalto sexual.
https://www.rainn.org/articles/asalto-sexual
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network. (2021b). Legal role of consent. https://www.rainn.org/articles/legal-role-consent
Suarez, E., & Gadalla, T. M. (2010). Stop blaming the victim: A meta-analysis on rape myths. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(11), 2010–2035.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354503
Terrance, C., Logan, A., & Peters, D. (2004). Perceptions of peer sexual harassment among high school students. Sex Roles, 51, 479–490.
https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000049236.68806.59
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2019). Delitos sexuales 2019. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202019.pdf
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2020). Delitos sexuales 2020. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202020.pdf
Oficina de la Procuradora de las Mujeres. (2021). Delitos sexuales 2021. https://docs.pr.gov/files/Mujer/Estadisticas/Agresion%20Sexual/Delitos%20Sexuales%202021.pdf
Olmo López, D. (2021, mayo 3). Sin actualizar estadísticas sobre violencia sexual y de género en Puerto Rico. https://www.esmental.com/sin-actualizar-estadisticas-sobre-violencia-sexual-y-de-genero-en-puerto-rico/
Willis, M., & Jozkowski, K. (2019). Sexual precedent’s effects on sexual consent communication. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(6), 1723-1734.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1348-7
Willis, M., Marcantonio, T. L., & Jozkowski, K. N. (2021). Momentary versus retros-pective reports of alcohol or cannabis use, sexual activity, and their co-occurrence. Addictive Behaviors, 119(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106932
Cómo citar
Desarrollo y validación de la escala de consentimiento sexual. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 33(2), 318-332. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3302.09
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Cómo citar
Desarrollo y validación de la escala de consentimiento sexual. (2022). Revista Puertorriqueña De Psicologia, 33(2), 318-332. https://doi.org/10.55611/reps.3302.09